For decades, scientists have been trying to figure out what a black hole is. Does it contain wormholes or a miniature universe?
In theory, there are many types of black holes: those that are charged or not, some stationary or rotating, some are surrounded by matter, some are suspended in empty space.
Several types of black holes have turned out to be real. Rotating black holes surrounded by matter are common and have even been photographed.
However, some types of black holes exist only in theory. However, scientists are still very attentive to understanding these mysterious objects. By understanding the mathematical foundations of black holes, we can identify relationships and correlations with the theories of physics that apply to reality.
Three-dimensional superconductor
The charged black hole in anti-de Sitter space is a very interesting type of black hole, but only in theory. The anti-de Sitter space is a hyperbolic space with a negative curvature, like a saddle.
Although charged black holes did not turn out to be real, by studying these black holes scientists will better understand the rotating black holes that are proven in reality. Both types have many similarities, complement each other in calculations.
Physicists have discovered that when these black holes cool, they form a quantum field “cloud” around the surface. This cloud sticks to the surface, is pulled inwards by the black hole’s gravitational force, and then repelled by the black hole’s own electronic repulsion. Quantum field clouds behave stably on a surface known as a superconductor.
Superconductors have applications in the real world. Therefore, studying how superconductors work in such special situations helps us to understand their mathematical structure and then apply it in practice.
Black holes charged in the normal space of the universe often have a certain uniqueness inside. Located inside the event horizon (the boundary around the black hole, pulling all matter inward) is a region of dense quantum energy called the inner horizon. Inside is another deep hole connected to the white hole, theoretically.
In fact, scientists have yet to confirm the existence of deep holes because the laws of mathematics do not respond to the existence of objects behind the event horizon. However, electrically charged black holes surrounded by anti-Sitter space, or superconducting black holes, do not have this problem.
In superconducting black holes, the inner horizon and deep holes are shattered. Instead, the spaces inside these black holes oscillate according to the Josephson effect like particles in normal superconductors.
The Josephson effect is a phenomenon of supercurrent, an undefined current without any voltage applied to a device called a Josephson junction, made up of two superconductors linked by a weak link. .
Fractal universe
After space – vibration time is the deepest region of the superconducting black hole. Researchers have found that these deeper regions can create a strangely expanding universe, with extended space varying in different proportions and directions.
In addition, depending on the temperature of the black hole, some of these spatial regions can trigger a new ring of vibrations. He then created a larger area, triggered another ring of vibrations, over and over again until a smaller scale vibration was created.
This creates an ever-repeating fractal-shaped universe, from large to small. At the heart of this chaotic and extraordinary black hole is the singularity, the point of infinite density, the home of all matter that once fell into the black hole.
Fractal is a geometry that often bends at all magnifications, which can be divided into parts with each part as a whole, but at a smaller scale ratio. This is the form created by the mathematician Mandebrot.
However, with the limited mathematical formulas and the laws of physics, scientists have yet to explain what is happening to the singularity. Therefore, it takes longer for new theories to supplement gravity, which may never be enough.
