How did the universe start and will it end? This is still what preoccupies most of humanity.
One of the most influential scientists in modern cosmology and one of the three 2020 Nobel Prize winners – Roger Penrose is the one who pursued the idea of a universe before the Big Bang. Bang), as well as then.
big Bang
Today, the scientific community for the most part agrees that the universe was born from a huge explosion called the Big Bang, almost 14 billion years ago. This explosion created space, time and all forms of matter and energy. Without the Big Bang, there would be no universe, no space, no time.
Of course, a scientific theory is not accepted just because it seems reasonable, much less because it seems to be what you expect.
The Big Bang theory is widely accepted because it adequately explains the expansion of the universe, discovered by Edwin Hubble in 1929, as well as the prediction of the existence of radiation. remnants of the Big Bang, known as the “microwave (or microwave) cosmic background” (CMB) – which was verified in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson.
The existence of CMB with an age of almost 14 billion years forces the universe to have a period of extremely rapid expansion, because if the universe is still expanding at its current rate, then for the size that it is, the radiation is not enough. the time it takes to travel through the universe and to balance it with the measured heat.
In 1980, a physicist, Alan Guth, found a solution to this by proposing an inflationary cosmology. This theory says that during the period immediately after the Big Bang, the universe expanded at an unusually rapid rate. This theory explains the heat balance of the universe thanks to the CMB.
Not all scientists immediately agree with the Big Bang theory. But the fact that the Big Bang, with the addition of the inflation model, logically explains the expansion of the universe and its consequences. Meanwhile, other arguments provide no convincing evidence or explanation.
The universe was born from a huge explosion known as the Big Bang.
Cosmology of reincarnation
In 2020, the Nobel Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences selected three scientists who have made major contributions to black hole research to award the Nobel Prize in Physics.
One of those three scientists is Roger Penrose – a scientist who served as a judge when Stephen Hawking defended his doctoral research and then joined Hawking as a partner in black hole research. Penrose’s work in the 1960s proved that Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity pointed to the existence of black holes.
One of Stephen Hawking’s most notable theoretical predictions is that while nothing can come out of the black hole’s event horizon, at the edge of the event horizon there can be the birth of the particle-antiparticle pair. due to quantum fluctuation. One particle of this pair falls into the black hole and the other is ejected.
Due to conservation of energy, particles falling into a black hole need negative energy, and this – in theory – will evaporate the black hole. However, the process of evaporation, if any, is so slow that we have absolutely no way to test it today. In other words, so far Hawking’s radiation is still a guess.
Roger Penrose, who has collaborated with Hawking for many years on black hole research and received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020, has spent the last few years pursuing another idea he calls “the cosmology of reincarnation. “. abbreviated as CCC.
According to CCC, the universe exists in an infinite loop. Each iteration is a super long period of time which he calls a “super time”. The supernatural we live in was born out of the Big Bang at the end of an old super.
In the very distant future, the present universe will expand to such an extent that all forms of matter will disappear due to decomposition processes. Then our super diaper time will come to an end and another Big Bang will appear.
Penrose also believes that Hawking’s radiation in black holes is a cosmic remnant that we can observe. In 2018, Penrose and his colleagues pointed to anomalies in the CMB data that they call “Hawking points” and believe they are residual Hawking radiation signals from supermassive black holes to a front universe.
Was there a universe before the Big Bang?
In an article published on Forbes just two days after Roger Penrose received the Nobel Prize and was cited for the CCC, astrophysicist Ethan Siegel made it clear that there was no evidence for the existence of a universe. before the Big Bang and a similar explosion will occur in the very distant future to form another universe.
The “Hawking points” are all very unclear, as the CCC did not make any predictions that matched the data obtained. It is a fact that ever since the Big Bang Theory was proposed and widely proven, people have always asked the question that if the universe was born from such an explosion, what would cause this explosion. and before this explosion, there was something or not.
Certainly at this point no one dares to answer with certainty whether or not something is in front of the Big Bang, something that caused the Big Bang.
While the talent and value of Penrose’s research is undeniable, the question of whether a scientific theory accurately describes nature depends on the evidence it has, not at all. on who brought it out.
Scientists do not call humanity to believe and support them. When they find that their idea has the basis for exploring and digging deeper, they will focus on finding evidence to prove it. But if they fail, their idea cannot be recognized, and the truth is, it is wrong for the simple reason that it does not fit with nature.
To this day, the complete denial of Penrose’s CCC theory is a bit early. However, in reality, there is no clear evidence at all. If anyone is interested in the idea, they have the right to continue to hope that the theory will one day be proven.
But on the contrary, perhaps in just a few short years there will appear overwhelmingly clear evidence that Penrose was wrong. So believing in such an idea now is not much different from believing in the afterlife, which is too vague and without credible evidence.
