On March 24, 1959, the patented device “Microwave amplification with excited radiation”.
Maser is the abbreviation of the expression Microwave Amplification by Emission of Stimulation by Emission of Radiation and stands for “Microwave Amplification by Excitation Emission”. The maser and the laser do the same thing, the only difference is that the maser works with the frequency of the photons in the microwaves and the lasers work in the ultraviolet, light or infrared spectrum. Therefore, Maser rays are more focused and have much more energy than lasers.
The basic principle which led to the birth of the maser (or laser) is the concept of stimulated emission, introduced for the first time by Albert Einstein in 1917. This concept is rooted in phenomena close to the world. matter and radiation, that is, instantaneous absorption and emission.
There are many types of maser. In general it can be summarized in two categories such as gas and solid maser, only the theory of liquid maser is not yet available. Within each category there are many smaller categories; For example, the solids maser has many different types such as two levels of solids and three levels of diffusion.
During operation, many types of maser use liquid helium to cool the temperature down to 4K, which reduces noise generated by vibrations of electrons, nuclei, and other particles.
There are several chemicals that can diffuse. Including water, base, ammonia (NH3), methanol (CH3OH), formone (CH2O), silicon monoxide (SiO) and hydrogen ion. The inert gas maser is an example of a non-polar diffuse medium.
In 1954, Charles Townes, an American physicist, and a colleague from Columbia University in New York, Dr Basov and Dr Prochorov, announced their discovery of a device capable of creating Maser rays. In 1959 a patent was granted for their invention. The maser was then used in military and medical applications.
