Under the ocean there are huge volcanoes. And in the ground?
Under the seabed there are huge volcanoes – everyone knows that. But what about in the ground?
The answer is that the mantle mantle (mantle), located between the earth’s crust and the core, is made up of many overlapping layers. However, precisely how their structure is, the scientific world can not directly study, but must rely on seismic vibrations.
And recently, thanks to an earthquake, scientists determined what is between the layers of the mantle in the ground. The answer is huge mountains.
Huge mountain ranges in a rugged transition zone
To be more precise, these mantle layers are not flat but bumpy, with great amplitudes like the mountains on the surface of the Earth.
As stated, the study of the underworld must be based on geological vibrations. Scientists will use machines to pick up signals reflected in the ground, then shape what lies below – in the same way astronomers use radio waves and light waves to observe celestial bodies thousands of years ago – light of the Earth.
“To get results, you need a giant earthquake underneath, enough to shake the entire planet,” said study author Dr. Jessica Irving of Princeton University.
In 1994, a magnitude 8.2 earthquake struck the soil of Bolivia, which prompted experts to come up with the above idea. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 647 kilometers and occurred in a sparsely populated area that claimed virtually no casualties. In turn, the scientific community receives a lot of interesting information.
Twenty-five years later, Irving analyzed the earthquake map of the world and found that there was a stark contrast as the earthquake waves cut through the Earth’s inner mantles. For example, at a depth of 410 km, there is a transition zone, indicating that the area has a flat surface like highlands above the ground.
But at a depth of 660 km there is another transition ring. Here, the mantle surface is concave and rough with great amplitude, like giant mountains. For ease of understanding, imagine in the ground, at this depth, Andes-sized mountains growing upward into the Earth’s core.
As for the composition of the shells, experts disagree. According to Irving, the sturdy, flat shell will have a different chemical makeup, with varying degrees of fusion.
And in short, this is an important study because it helps scientists identify the whereabouts of ancient continents that were engulfed by Earth in the past.
